Shih Tzu: Information Guide for This Small Dog Breed

Shih Tzus are among the most beloved small dog breeds, known for their affectionate nature, charming appearance, and ancient history as companions. While these dogs might look like tiny, fluffy royalty, they’re also playful, hardy, and well-suited for various lifestyles. If you’re considering adding a Shih Tzu to your family or are just curious about this breed, here’s an in-depth guide covering everything from their origins to their temperament, exercise needs, health, and more.

What is the History and Origin of the Shih Tzu?

The Shih Tzu is one of the oldest dog breeds, with roots tracing back over a thousand years to ancient China. Often referred to as the "Lion Dog," Shih Tzus were believed to have been bred as royal companions in the Tibetan and Chinese courts. Records suggest that Tibetan monks gifted small "lion-like" dogs to Chinese royalty, who continued to refine the breed over centuries, resulting in the modern Shih Tzu we know today.

Shih Tzus were never bred for work or hunting; instead, they were specifically bred as lap dogs and loyal companions. Their main job was to provide comfort, love, and entertainment to their owners, which they continue to excel at today. These little dogs were highly treasured by Chinese royalty and were often guarded by palace servants. The breed didn’t make its way to the Western world until the 1930s, but it quickly gained popularity for its endearing personality and unique appearance.

What Does a Shih Tzu Look Like? Size, Coat, and Physical Characteristics

Size and Build

Shih Tzus are a compact small dog breed, typically standing between 9 to 10.5 inches tall at the shoulder and weighing around 9 to 16 pounds. Despite their small size, they have a sturdy, muscular build and a regal posture that makes them look almost like tiny lions.

Coat Type and Colors

One of the most distinctive features of the Shih Tzu is its luxurious, double-layered coat. Shih Tzus can have either a long, flowing coat or a shorter cut, often referred to as a "puppy cut." Their coats are smooth and straight, often growing down to the floor if left untrimmed.

Shih Tzus come in various colors, including black, white, gold, silver, brindle, and even a combination of these shades. The breed standard allows for a wide range of colors, making each Shih Tzu uniquely beautiful.

Distinctive Features

Shih Tzus have a short snout, which contributes to their adorable, rounded face and expressive eyes. They have a slightly "smushed" appearance, often referred to as brachycephalic. Other key features include their floppy ears, round eyes, and a curled tail that rests over their back. These features, along with their long coat, give them a truly regal and iconic look.

What is the Shih Tzu’s Temperament Like?

Personality Traits

Shih Tzus are renowned for their affectionate and friendly personalities. They thrive on human companionship and love being close to their owners. These little dogs are known for being loyal, playful, and alert, though they can also be somewhat stubborn and independent at times.

Shih Tzus tend to be friendly and get along well with people, especially children. They are not overly energetic but enjoy playtime and are happiest when they’re around their loved ones. While some Shih Tzus may act slightly protective, they’re typically not aggressive and are generally welcoming toward guests and strangers.

Compatibility with Children and Other Pets

Shih Tzus are known to be great family dogs and do well with children, especially if raised around them. Their gentle, patient nature makes them suitable for families with kids, but due to their small size, young children should be supervised to prevent accidental injuries to the dog.

With other pets, Shih Tzus are usually friendly, especially if they’ve been socialized early. They’re not particularly territorial and usually accept other dogs or cats, making them an excellent choice for multi-pet households.

How Much Exercise Does a Shih Tzu Need?

Shih Tzus have moderate exercise needs. Though they enjoy playtime, they don’t require extensive exercise like some other breeds.

Daily Exercise Requirements

A Shih Tzu typically needs around 20 to 30 minutes of exercise each day. This can be broken up into two shorter walks or some playtime in the backyard. They enjoy activities like short walks, indoor games, or light agility exercises.

Are Shih Tzus Suitable for Apartment Living?

Yes, Shih Tzus are very well-suited for apartment living due to their small size and moderate activity level. They don’t require a large yard, and as long as they get daily walks and playtime, they’re content in smaller spaces. However, they do appreciate some outdoor time to explore and sniff around.

What Are the Grooming Requirements for Shih Tzus?

Coat Maintenance

A Shih Tzu’s coat requires regular grooming. If kept long, their coat should be brushed daily to prevent tangles and mats. A shorter "puppy cut" is easier to maintain and requires less frequent brushing, usually every few days. They’re also a low-shedding breed, which makes them relatively hypoallergenic.

Trimming and Professional Grooming

Shih Tzus often need professional grooming every 4 to 6 weeks, especially if their coat is kept long. Regular trims around the face, paws, and tail help keep them comfortable and tidy.

Other Grooming Needs

Shih Tzus require regular eye care, as their large, expressive eyes are prone to tear staining and irritation. Cleaning around their eyes and face with a damp cloth helps to maintain hygiene. Additionally, due to their short snout, they sometimes experience breathing issues, so keeping their nose clean is essential.

What Health Issues are Common in Shih Tzus?

Like many purebred small dog breeds, Shih Tzus have certain health predispositions. Being informed about these conditions can help in early detection and prevention.

• Brachycephalic Syndrome: Their short snout makes Shih Tzus susceptible to breathing issues, especially in hot or humid weather.

• Eye Problems: Due to their large, prominent eyes, they are prone to issues like dry eye, cataracts, and corneal ulcers.

• Hip Dysplasia and Patellar Luxation: Though small, they can still suffer from joint issues, especially as they age.

• Dental Issues: Shih Tzus can have overcrowded teeth, making regular dental care important to prevent plaque buildup and gum disease.

• Hypothyroidism: Some Shih Tzus are prone to thyroid problems, leading to weight gain and lethargy.

  
  

How Long Do Shih Tzus Typically Live?

With proper care, Shih Tzus generally live 12 to 16 years, with some reaching even longer lives. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and consistent veterinary care can contribute to a long and happy life for your Shih Tzu.

Are Shih Tzus Good for Training?

Shih Tzus are moderately intelligent but can be a bit stubborn, which might make training a bit challenging.

Trainability

They respond well to positive reinforcement methods, like treats and praise. Consistency is key with Shih Tzus, as they have a slight independent streak. While housebreaking can sometimes take a bit longer, patience and a consistent routine can help. Basic commands like "sit" and "stay" can be taught with repetition and rewards.

Known Stubbornness

Shih Tzus are known to have a playful and sometimes stubborn side, which may lead to moments where they ignore commands or training efforts. However, with patience and gentle, consistent training, they’ll pick up obedience and manners.

How Much Do Shih Tzus Bark?

Shih Tzus aren’t excessive barkers, but they are alert and will often bark at unfamiliar sounds or strangers at the door.

Barking Triggers

Their main triggers for barking include:

• Strangers or new people in their territory.

• Boredom or lack of stimulation.

• Anxiety or separation from their owners.

With training, Shih Tzus can learn to bark less and respond better to commands like "quiet" or "stop." Early socialization can also help them feel more comfortable with unfamiliar people or sounds, reducing their barking response.

How Important is Socialization for Shih Tzus?

Socialization is crucial for a Shih Tzu’s development. Early exposure to various people, places, and other pets can help them become more adaptable and well-behaved adults. Shih Tzus who are well-socialized are typically friendlier, less fearful, and more comfortable in new environments.

What Dietary Needs Do Shih Tzus Have?

Shih Tzus need a balanced diet that provides all the necessary nutrients for their small but sturdy build.

Dietary Requirements

High-quality dry kibble or specially formulated dog food for small breeds can meet their nutritional needs. Since they’re prone to weight gain, portion control is crucial. For most adult Shih Tzus, half a cup to one cup of dry food per day (split into two meals) is usually sufficient. Shih Tzus also benefit from food that contains omega fatty acids for coat health and joint support.

What is the Cost of Owning a Shih Tzu?

Shih Tzus, while small, can come with moderate to high costs, especially if you factor in grooming and healthcare.

Average Annual Costs

• Food and Treats: $200-$300 annually.

• Grooming: $500-$1,000 annually if done professionally.

• Healthcare: Routine vet visits can range from $200-$500, with possible added costs for dental cleanings and other procedures.

• Other Costs: Toys, beds, and accessories might add another $100 to $200 per year.

Medical Needs and Costs

Due to their predisposition to specific health issues, veterinary bills may sometimes be higher than with other breeds. Pet insurance can be a wise investment for Shih Tzu owners, especially to help cover the costs of any breed-specific medical issues.

Should You Get a Shih Tzu from a Breeder or a Rescue?

Shih Tzus are available from both breeders and rescues. When buying from a breeder, ensure they are reputable and conduct health tests to minimize hereditary health issues. Rescuing a Shih Tzu is also an excellent option, especially as they’re often surrendered by owners who may not have been prepared for the grooming and care needs.

Ethical Considerations

Always verify that the breeder follows ethical practices, as unethical breeding can lead to health problems and poor temperament in the breed. Reputable breeders will provide health clearances and let you meet the puppy’s parents to assess their health and temperament.

FAQs About Shih Tzus

Shih Tzus are a delightful, loyal small dog breed perfect for people seeking a loving and affectionate companion. With proper care, grooming, and attention, these little dogs will bring endless joy and companionship to any household. If you’re looking for a loyal friend who’s always up for cuddles, a Shih Tzu could be just the companion you need.