Pomeranian: Information Guide for This Small Dog Breed

If you’re drawn to small dog breeds with big personalities, the Pomeranian might just be your ideal match. Known for their luxurious coats, feisty attitudes, and unwavering loyalty, these fluffy companions pack a lot of character into a small package. In this in-depth guide, we’ll explore everything about Pomeranians: their history, appearance, temperament, care needs, and suitability as pets, so you can understand if this small dog breed is the right addition to your life.

What Is the History of the Pomeranian breed?

History and Origins of the Pomeranian

The Pomeranian, affectionately known as the “Pom,” has roots tracing back to the Arctic. They are descendants of large sled-pulling dogs, specifically the Spitz-type breeds, which were primarily found in the northern regions of Europe and Asia. Originally bred in Pomerania—a region that now lies within Poland and Germany—these dogs were once much larger and worked as herding animals and companions.

The breed’s shift from a working dog to a companion pet occurred in the 19th century when Queen Victoria fell in love with Pomeranians during a visit to Italy. She even bred her own line, favoring the smaller, toy-sized version we see today. Due to Queen Victoria’s influence, Pomeranians rapidly gained popularity in England and across Europe, eventually shrinking down to the compact size we know today. The breed has become a favorite among dog lovers worldwide, thanks to its regal appearance and charming personality.

How Big Are Pomeranians, and What Do They Look Like?

Size and Appearance

Pomeranians are small but sturdy, with a distinctive look that makes them easy to recognize. Here’s a quick snapshot of their size and physical traits:

• Height: 6 to 7 inches at the shoulder

• Weight: 3 to 7 pounds, though some can be slightly larger or smaller

• Build: Compact and sturdy, with a well-proportioned body for their size

One of the Pomeranian’s most striking features is its coat, which is double-layered and has a dense, fluffy undercoat with a longer outer layer. This coat gives the Pomeranian a “puffy” or “plush” appearance. Coat colors are varied, with over a dozen options, including orange (the most common), black, white, blue, cream, and even sable or brindle patterns.

Their facial features are unmistakably Spitz-like, with almond-shaped eyes, a short snout, and a fox-like expression. The Pomeranian’s upright ears and plumed tail, which typically curls over the back, complete their iconic look.

What Kind of Personality Do Pomeranians Have?

Temperament and Behavior

Pomeranians are known for their spirited, sometimes sassy personalities, and they have a reputation for being little “divas” in the dog world. Here are some defining characteristics:

• Loyal and Affectionate: Poms tend to form close bonds with their families and love attention. They’re incredibly loyal and make excellent lap dogs.

• Energetic and Playful: Despite their size, Pomeranians have an abundance of energy and love to play. They enjoy interactive games and are known to “strut” around with confidence.

• Protective and Alert: Many Pomeranians have a strong protective streak. They can be wary of strangers and will bark to alert their owners of anything unusual.

• Independent Yet Affectionate: While they are friendly and social with their humans, they can also be quite independent, which means they might not be as clingy as some other toy breeds.

With children, Pomeranians can be friendly, but it’s important to supervise interactions with very young kids due to the breed’s delicate size. They are generally good with other pets, particularly if socialized early, but they may exhibit “small dog syndrome,” a behavior characterized by acting bolder or more aggressive than their size warrants.

How Much Exercise Does a Pomeranian Need?

Exercise Needs

Pomeranians are lively little dogs who need regular exercise, but they don’t require as much activity as larger breeds. Here’s a look at their exercise needs:

• Daily Walks: Pomeranians typically benefit from a daily walk of 15-30 minutes. These walks help them expend energy and stay fit.

• Indoor Play: Due to their size, Pomeranians can get a good amount of exercise indoors. They love chasing toys, playing fetch, and interacting with their owners.

• Mental Stimulation: Pomeranians are intelligent and can get bored easily, so interactive toys and puzzle games are a great way to keep them mentally stimulated.

Given their small size, Pomeranians are highly suitable for apartment living. However, they still need time outside to explore and enjoy new sights and smells, which is beneficial for their overall happiness and well-being.

What Are the Grooming Requirements for Pomeranians?

Grooming Tips for Pomeranians

The Pomeranian’s fluffy double coat is one of its defining features, but it also requires consistent grooming to keep it looking its best. Here’s what you need to know:

• Brushing: Due to their thick coats, Pomeranians require brushing at least 2-3 times a week to prevent matting. A slicker brush and a metal comb are ideal grooming tools.

• Shedding: Pomeranians shed moderately, with seasonal shedding (called “blowing coat”) happening once or twice a year.

• Bathing: Bathing every 4-6 weeks is usually sufficient, though it can be done more frequently if they get dirty or have skin sensitivities.

• Trimming and Professional Grooming: The coat around the paws, ears, and sanitary areas needs regular trimming. Some owners opt for professional grooming to keep the coat manageable and stylish.

Due to their coat’s density, it’s essential to thoroughly dry Pomeranians after baths to avoid skin irritation. Regular ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental care are also important as part of their grooming routine.

What Health Issues Do Pomeranians Typically Face?

Common Health Issues in Pomeranians

While generally healthy, Pomeranians can be predisposed to specific health concerns. Here are some common issues:

• Dental Problems: Like many small dog breeds, Pomeranians are prone to dental issues due to their small mouths and crowded teeth.

• Patellar Luxation: This condition, common in small breeds, involves the dislocation of the kneecap, which can cause lameness or discomfort.

• Collapsed Trachea: This is a common issue in Pomeranians and other toy breeds, which can cause coughing and breathing difficulties.

• Heart Disease: Pomeranians are prone to certain heart conditions as they age, so regular check-ups are recommended.

• Hypothyroidism: Some Pomeranians are at risk for thyroid problems, which can lead to weight gain, lethargy, and coat changes.

Regular veterinary care, a balanced diet, and a safe environment can help manage and even prevent some of these conditions.

What Is the Average Lifespan of a Pomeranian?

How Long Do Pomeranians Live?

Pomeranians are a long-lived breed, with an average lifespan of 12 to 16 years. Some Pomeranians even live beyond 16 years with excellent care. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine vet check-ups are essential to helping your Pom reach its full lifespan potential.

Are Pomeranians Suitable for Apartments and Families?

Ideal Living Conditions

Pomeranians are well-suited for apartment living due to their small size and relatively low exercise needs. They do well in both apartments and houses, as long as they have a cozy, safe environment. Because of their dense coats, Pomeranians can tolerate colder climates but may struggle in extreme heat. They’re suitable for families, singles, and even seniors, though families with young children should supervise interactions to prevent accidental injury.

How Easy Are Pomeranians to Train?

Trainability and Intelligence

Pomeranians are intelligent dogs and are generally receptive to training. However, their independent nature can sometimes make them a bit stubborn. Here’s what to expect when training a Pomeranian:

• Housebreaking: This can be challenging, as some Pomeranians can be resistant to housebreaking. Consistency and patience are key.

• Obedience: Pomeranians enjoy learning tricks and commands, especially when training is fun and rewards-based.

• Positive Reinforcement: This breed responds well to positive reinforcement, so treats and praise are effective tools.

While they are quick learners, Pomeranians can occasionally be “selective” in following commands. Short, positive training sessions are ideal for keeping them engaged.

Do Pomeranians Bark a Lot?

Pomeranians have a reputation for being vocal, often barking at new sights, sounds, or strangers. Their alertness and protective instincts can lead to excessive barking if not managed early on. Training commands like “quiet” can help, as well as ensuring they’re mentally and physically stimulated to prevent boredom-triggered barking.

Do Pomeranians Need Socialization?

Pomeranians can be wary of strangers, other dogs, and unfamiliar environments, so early socialization is crucial. Exposing them to various experiences, people, and animals can help them grow into well-rounded adults and reduce reactivity or fear-based behaviors. Puppy classes, regular walks in new environments, and playdates with other dogs can make a big difference in their social development.

What Do Pomeranians Eat?

Dietary Needs for Pomeranians

Due to their small size, Pomeranians have modest dietary requirements, but they need a balanced, high-quality diet to stay healthy. Here are some dietary tips:

• Portion Size: About 1/4 to 1/2 cup of dry food daily, divided into two meals, is generally enough for an adult Pomeranian.

• Small Breed Dog Food: Since they have small mouths, Pomeranians benefit from food formulated for small breeds.

• Watch for Weight Gain: Pomeranians can be prone to weight gain, so it’s essential to monitor portion sizes and avoid excessive treats.

Their diet should also include adequate protein for muscle health, especially as they’re relatively active.

How Much Does It Cost to Own a Pomeranian?

Owning a Pomeranian involves ongoing expenses for food, grooming, healthcare, and accessories. Here’s an approximate breakdown:

• Food: $150-250 annually, depending on quality and portion size

• Grooming: Around $300-500 annually if professional grooming is used

• Veterinary Care: $300-700 annually, including check-ups and vaccinations

Pet insurance is also recommended for Pomeranians due to their predisposition to certain health issues.

Should You Get a Pomeranian from a Breeder or a Rescue?

Breeders vs. Rescues

Pomeranians are available from both breeders and rescue organizations. If you’re considering a breeder, ensure they follow ethical practices, prioritize health screenings, and adhere to breeding standards. This is especially important for avoiding hereditary health issues.

Adopting from a rescue is a great way to provide a home to a Pomeranian in need, and many reputable rescues specialize in small dog breeds. Rescuing can also be a more affordable option and supports the welfare of animals needing homes.

FAQs about Pomeranians

The Pomeranian is truly a delightful and charismatic small dog breed that brings joy, laughter, and companionship to any home. With proper care, socialization, and a loving environment, these little fluff balls can be a source of love and happiness for many years.